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| Riparian Revegetation:
An Account of 2 Decades of Experience in the Arid Southwest by Bertin W. Anderson, Phillip E. Russell, Robert Ohmart |
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$18.00 |
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ISBN: 0-9708504-0-9 Contents
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PREFACE IX
CHAPTER 1: A RECENT HISTORY OF SOUTHWEST RIPARIAN AREAS
Lower Colorado River 1
History of Human Use 1
Vegetation Changes 5
The Pecos River 9
The Rio Grande above Del Rio 12
Other River Systems in Southern California 15
Summary 17
CHAPTER 2: THE PATH TO REVEGETATION
Introduction 19
Vegetation and Associated Wildlife 19
Wildlife Densities and Diversities 22
Further Comparisons and Vegetation Manipulations 27
Insect, Vegetation, and Avian Diet Associations 29
Other Habitats 31
Mammals 32
Conclusions about Saltcedar as Wildlife Habitat 33
Initial Efforts at Revegetation 34
Initial Views on Revegetation 35
Summary 37
CHAPTER 3: THE NINE-STEP PLAN FOR PLANTATION TYPE REVEGETATION
Introduction 39
Step 1: Preliminary Analysis 40
Step 2: Propagation 42
Step 3: Site Preparation 43
Step 4: Intensive Soil Analysis 44
Step 5: Tillage 46
Step 6: Irrigation System Design and Installation 47
Step 7: Planting 47
Step 8: Irrigation and Weeding 49
Step 9: Monitoring and Report 51
Monitoring 51
Reports 53
Benefits Gained from Using the Nine-Step Plan 53
Summary 54
CHAPTER 4: REVEGETATION: VARIABLES TO STUDY
Introduction 57
Factors Affecting Growth of Riparian Vegetation after 2 Seasons 59
Summary 77
CHAPTER 5: FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF COTTONWOOD
Introduction 79
Geographic Distribution of Trees Used for This Study 82
Project Level Analyses 82
Autecological Conditions Associated with Individual Trees in Control
and Experimental Groups 84
Potential Effects of Soil Electrical Conductivity on Growth and Survival 84
Potential Effects of Varying Depth to the Water Table on Growth and Survival 87
Potential Effects of Competition from Weeds on Growth and Survival 88
Evaluation of Animal Damage on Growth and Survival 89
Trees Older than 3 Years 91
Extended Irrigation as a Means of Overcoming Impediments to Tree Health 91
Summary 92
CHAPTER 6: FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF WILLOW
Introduction 95
Goodding Willow 95
Coyote Willow along the Lower Colorado River 108
Coyote Willow of the Santa Clara River Basin 113
Arroyo Willow 116
Pacific Willow 117
Red Willow 117
Generalities from Willow Work 118
CHAPTER 7: FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH AND MORTALITY OF MESQUITE
Introduction 123
Honey Mesquite 124
Screwbean Mesquite 128
Velvet Mesquite 132
Honey and Screwbean Mesquite in the Wild 134
Effects of Soil Texture on Growth and Survival of Mesquite 135
Summary 135
CHAPTER 8: SOME MINOR SPECIES
Introduction 137
Blue Palo Verde 137
Quailbush 141
Four-Winged Saltbush 143
Quailbush and Four-Winged Saltbush in the Wild 144
Wolfberry 146
Pickleweed 147
Emory Baccharis 147
Fan Palm 149
Desert Holly and Allscale 150
Inkweed 153
Marsh Plants 154
An Ecological Perspective on this Suite of Species 154
CHAPTER 9: HOW SALTCEDAR AND ARROWWEED FIT INTO THE SCENE
Introduction 159
Saltcedar 160
Arrowweed 162
Distribution of Vegetation along the Lower Colorado River 163
Distribution of Vegetation along Salt Creek 167
Comparison of Conditions Available on Sites Chosen for Revegetation 171
Summary and Conclusions 173
CHAPTER 10: REQUIREMENTS
Introduction 175
Definitions 177
The Kinds of Problems 177
Data for Determining “Requirements” 182
Cottonwood 184
Screwbean 187
Goodding Willow 188
Honey Mesquite 192
Coyote Willow 195
Blue Palo Verde 196
Quailbush 197
Yellow (Pacific) Willow 198
Arroyo Willow 199
Red Willow 200
Wolfberry 201
Guidelines for Establishing Height and Mortality Requirements 202
Using the Requirement Tables: Specific Examples 203
CHAPTER 11: JUDGING SUCCESS
Introduction 205
Review of Wildlife Values Associated with Various Riparian Habitats 206
Evaluation of Cottonwood Projects 208
Evaluation of Honey Mesquite Project 211
Evaluation of Screwbean Mesquite Projects 214
Evaluation of Willow Projects 215
A Note on Irrigation and Wildlife Habitat 217
Conclusions 217
CHAPTER 12: LARGE PROJECTS, NEW METHODS
Introduction 221
Yuma Reclamation Effort 222
Anjohn Reclamation Effort 225
Summary 235
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 237
LITERATURE CITED 239
GLOSSARY 249
APPENDICES 257
INDEX 261
